Cite Sniff.
If you use the Sniff Atlas, a breed page, a gene page, or a computed dimension in published work, cite the concept DOI (it always resolves to the latest version) and the upstream sources the atlas builds on. Every format below is copy-paste ready.
CC-BY 4.0 attribution requires linking back to sniff.world when republishing dataset content. We ask the same for site content cited in writing.
Plain text citation
For most journal styles, copy this:
Gehring, M. (2026). Sniff Atlas v1.0.1: an open, breed-stratified catalogue of common canine coding variants with calibrated protein-language-model pathogenicity. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20566358. CC-BY 4.0.
APA 7th edition
Gehring, M. (2026). Sniff Atlas v1.0.1: an open, breed-stratified catalogue of common canine coding variants with calibrated protein-language-model pathogenicity [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20566358
Machine-readable formats
BibTeX
@dataset{gehring_2026_sniff_atlas,
author = {Gehring, Matt},
title = {Sniff Atlas v1.0.1: an open, breed-stratified
catalogue of common canine coding variants with
calibrated protein-language-model pathogenicity},
year = 2026,
publisher = {Zenodo},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.20566358},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20566358},
license = {CC-BY-4.0},
note = {Concept DOI; always resolves to latest version.}
}RIS
TY - DATA
AU - Gehring, Matt
TI - Sniff Atlas v1.0.1: an open, breed-stratified catalogue of common canine coding variants with calibrated protein-language-model pathogenicity
PY - 2026
PB - Zenodo
DO - 10.5281/zenodo.20566358
UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20566358
LA - en
ER -CITATION.cff (GitHub-readable)
cff-version: 1.2.0
message: "If you use the Sniff Atlas in published work, please cite it using these metadata."
type: dataset
title: "Sniff Atlas v1.0.1: an open, breed-stratified catalogue of common canine coding variants with calibrated protein-language-model pathogenicity"
authors:
- family-names: Gehring
given-names: Matt
orcid: "https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9531-2861"
affiliation: "Candor Systems LLC"
email: "[email protected]"
identifiers:
- type: doi
value: 10.5281/zenodo.20566358
description: "Concept DOI (always resolves to latest version)."
- type: doi
value: 10.5281/zenodo.20572692
description: "v1.0.1-specific DOI."
url: "https://sniff.world/study/sniff-atlas/"
repository: "https://github.com/Sniffscore"
license: CC-BY-4.0
version: "1.0.1"
date-released: "2026-06-06"
keywords:
- canine genomics
- dog
- CanFam4
- allele frequency
- breed-stratified
- pathogenicity
- ESM2
- knowledge graph
- variant catalogue
- open dataCiting site content
For numeric claims on the site (allele frequencies, heterozygosity ranks, neighborhood distances, etc.) we recommend citing the underlying Sniff Atlas DOI directly, since that is the source of those numbers. For an editorial breed page or methodology page, cite the specific page URL plus the access date:
Gehring, M. (2026). Bernese Mountain Dog. Sniff. https://sniff.world/breed/bernese-mountain-dog/. Accessed [date].
Computed dimensions on those pages (heterozygosity rank, intra-breed PCA distance, nearest genetic relatives, trait-locus allele frequencies) are derived from the Sniff Atlas dataset. Cite the Atlas DOI for those numbers.
Upstream sources
The Sniff Atlas is downstream of years of work by other research groups. If your use depends on any of these layers, cite them too. The attribution chain matters.
CanVAS — the genotype substrate
The harmonized, imputed canine variant atlas every dog in Sniff is sourced from. CC-BY 4.0. Cite as:
Brundage, D. M., et al. (2026). CanVAS: A Harmonized and Imputed Canine Variant Atlas. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.04.13.718238. Dataset DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19186944.
NHGRI 722 (Plassais 2019) — the non-circular validation cohort
The 722 directly-sequenced canine genomes used as the independent replication target for the Sniff Atlas frequencies (r = 0.760 vs the Sniff imputed AFs). CC-BY 4.0. Cite as:
Plassais, J., et al. (2019). Whole genome sequencing of canids reveals genomic regions under selection and variants influencing morphology. Nature Communications, 10, 1489. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09373-w.
Donner et al. 2023 — the breed-by-Mendelian-variant carrier-frequency layer
The breed-by-variant carrier-frequency knowledge-graph layer integrated into Sniff Atlas v1.0.1. Cite as the source paper:
Donner, J., et al. (2023). Frequencies and relative abundances of disease-associated variants in dogs of various breeds: a study using a cohort of more than 100,000 pet dogs and breed-specific testing recommendations. PLOS Genetics, 19(3), e1010651. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010651.
OMIA — Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals
The canonical reference for canine genetic diseases. OMIA's official citing guidance: cite the database overall plus the specific entry. Database citation:
Nicholas, F. W., & Tammen, I. (2024). OMIA — Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals. Sydney Informatics Hub, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney. https://doi.org/10.25910/2AMR-PV70.
For a specific OMIA entry (e.g., OMIA:000162-9615 for CDDY in dogs), append the entry identifier in the format OMIA:<NNNNNN>-9615.
Dog10K — the imputation reference panel
The 1,929-genome WGS reference panel used by CanVAS for imputation. Cite the consortium paper:
Meadows, J. R. S., et al. (2023). Genome sequencing of 2000 canids by the Dog10K consortium advances the understanding of demography, genome function and architecture. Genome Biology, 24, 187. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-023-03023-7.
Golden Retriever Lifetime Study (GRLS)
If your work specifically uses the 3,197 GRLS dogs in the atlas (the "Heroes" cohort), cite the cohort description:
Guy, M. K., & Page, R. L. (2022). Golden Retriever Lifetime Study cohort description. PLOS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269425. Data: Morris Animal Foundation, Golden Retriever Lifetime Study.
Darwin's Ark (Lord 2025)
The 3,277 Darwin's Ark mixed-breed dogs in the atlas come from the Lord et al. 2025 PNAS release on Dryad. CC0 public domain. Cite as:
Lord, K. A., et al. (2025). Genetic testing predicts appearance but not behavior in dogs. PNAS. Dryad data deposit: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.83bk3jb4r.
A request from the author
If your work, your tool, or your downstream product builds on the Sniff Atlas or any Sniff page, please link back to sniff.world.
The atlas grows when researchers, vets, and dog owners can find their way back to the source. Citations + visible attribution + links back are how that flywheel works. CC-BY 4.0 requires the attribution; the link back is the favor.
If you spot an error in this citation page (wrong DOI, wrong year, missing source we should add), email [email protected]. We answer.