English Cocker Spaniel and Vizsla

How much longer or shorter a breed tends to live than its body size predicts (bigger dogs live shorter on average — this measures the gap from that expectation).

How to read it: Positive = lives longer than its size predicts; negative = shorter. At the extremes, roughly +3 years (longest-lived for its size) down to about -4 years.

A population pattern, not a guarantee for an individual dog.

How varied a breed's gene pool is — the share of gene spots where a typical dog of the breed carries two different versions rather than two identical ones.

How to read it: Higher = more diverse. Among well-sampled breeds it ranges roughly 0.22 (least diverse) to 0.33 (most diverse).

Diversity is a strength, not a verdict on any individual dog. Lower diversity means it's worth paying attention to recessive-risk testing — not that a dog is doomed.

The share of tested dogs of a breed that carry at least one copy of a specific disease variant.

How to read it: Higher = more common in the breed. 'Carrier' means carrying the variant, not having the disease.

Carrier is NOT the same as affected, especially for recessive variants. Figures come from tested (direct-to-consumer) dogs, which can skew the rate. Worth asking your vet.

The share of tested dogs of a breed that carry at least one copy of a specific disease variant.

How to read it: Higher = more common in the breed. 'Carrier' means carrying the variant, not having the disease.

Carrier is NOT the same as affected, especially for recessive variants. Figures come from tested (direct-to-consumer) dogs, which can skew the rate. Worth asking your vet.

The share of tested dogs of a breed that carry at least one copy of a specific disease variant.

How to read it: Higher = more common in the breed. 'Carrier' means carrying the variant, not having the disease.

Carrier is NOT the same as affected, especially for recessive variants. Figures come from tested (direct-to-consumer) dogs, which can skew the rate. Worth asking your vet.

The share of tested dogs of a breed that carry at least one copy of a specific disease variant.

How to read it: Higher = more common in the breed. 'Carrier' means carrying the variant, not having the disease.

Carrier is NOT the same as affected, especially for recessive variants. Figures come from tested (direct-to-consumer) dogs, which can skew the rate. Worth asking your vet.

The share of tested dogs of a breed that carry at least one copy of a specific disease variant.

How to read it: Higher = more common in the breed. 'Carrier' means carrying the variant, not having the disease.

Carrier is NOT the same as affected, especially for recessive variants. Figures come from tested (direct-to-consumer) dogs, which can skew the rate. Worth asking your vet.

The share of tested dogs of a breed that carry at least one copy of a specific disease variant.

How to read it: Higher = more common in the breed. 'Carrier' means carrying the variant, not having the disease.

Carrier is NOT the same as affected, especially for recessive variants. Figures come from tested (direct-to-consumer) dogs, which can skew the rate. Worth asking your vet.

The share of tested dogs of a breed that carry at least one copy of a specific disease variant.

How to read it: Higher = more common in the breed. 'Carrier' means carrying the variant, not having the disease.

Carrier is NOT the same as affected, especially for recessive variants. Figures come from tested (direct-to-consumer) dogs, which can skew the rate. Worth asking your vet.

The share of tested dogs of a breed that carry at least one copy of a specific disease variant.

How to read it: Higher = more common in the breed. 'Carrier' means carrying the variant, not having the disease.

Carrier is NOT the same as affected, especially for recessive variants. Figures come from tested (direct-to-consumer) dogs, which can skew the rate. Worth asking your vet.

The share of tested dogs of a breed that carry at least one copy of a specific disease variant.

How to read it: Higher = more common in the breed. 'Carrier' means carrying the variant, not having the disease.

Carrier is NOT the same as affected, especially for recessive variants. Figures come from tested (direct-to-consumer) dogs, which can skew the rate. Worth asking your vet.

The share of tested dogs of a breed that carry at least one copy of a specific disease variant.

How to read it: Higher = more common in the breed. 'Carrier' means carrying the variant, not having the disease.

Carrier is NOT the same as affected, especially for recessive variants. Figures come from tested (direct-to-consumer) dogs, which can skew the rate. Worth asking your vet.