Cystinuria Type II-A (Discovered in the Australian Cattle Dog)
Cystinuria Type II-A (Discovered in the Australian Cattle Dog). Autosomal dominant. Observed in 8 of 266 breeds tested in the Sniff Atlas, with measured carrier frequencies drawn from 242,656 dogs (Donner 2023). Per-dog phenotype outcome depends on penetrance, modifiers, and environment; the carrier frequencies below describe variant prevalence, not disease incidence.
- OMIA identifier
- OMIA:001879-9615
- Inheritance
- Autosomal dominant
- Source dataset
- Sniff Atlas v1.0.1 / DOI
Top 8 well-sampled breeds (n ≥ 50)
Maximum carrier frequency per breed across variants in the Donner 2023 cohort, with Wilson 95% confidence intervals. The list below is split into well-sampled breeds (n ≥ 50 tested) and small-sample breeds (n < 50, where the Wilson CI typically spans more than 20 percentage points and frequencies should not be compared directly to the well-sampled entries). Frequencies are population-level, not per-litter or per-line.
| Breed | Carrier frequency | n tested |
|---|---|---|
| Australian Cattle Dog | 2.3% | 982 |
| Australian Kelpie | 2.0% | 104 |
| Pembroke Welsh Corgi | 2.0% | 4,371 |
| Border Collie | 2.0% | 6,714 |
| Boxer | 2.0% | 4,557 |
| American Staffordshire Terrier | 2.0% | 42,792 |
| Siberian Husky | 2.0% | 9,034 |
| Labrador Retriever | 2.0% | 16,856 |
258 additional breeds in the Donner 2023 cohort were tested but showed no carriers.
From genotype to phenotype
Carrier status is not the same as disease status. Penetrance is the fraction of at-risk dogs that develop the phenotype. The Donner 2023 S4 table tracks this for 1 variant(s) underlying this disease in the cohort.
- At-risk dogs evaluated
- 3
- Phenotype confirmed
- 2
- Penetrance range
- 67% to 67%
Predicted disease relevance at the per-dog level is UNPROVEN. Carrier frequency is measured; phenotype outcome is governed by penetrance, environment, and modifier loci. Consult a veterinarian for clinical interpretation.
Citations
If you use this record in published work, cite the Sniff Atlas (the published dataset that carries the breed-level carrier frequencies) and the upstream sources:
- Sniff Atlas v1.0.1 for the per-breed carrier frequencies:
Gehring, M. (2026). Sniff Atlas v1.0.1. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20566358. CC-BY 4.0.
- OMIA for the disease definition, inheritance, and gene assignment:
Nicholas, F. W., & Tammen, I. (2024). OMIA. Sydney Informatics Hub, The University of Sydney. https://doi.org/10.25910/2AMR-PV70. Entry: OMIA:001879-9615.
- Donner et al. 2023 for the breed × variant carrier-frequency cohort:
Donner, J., et al. (2023). PLOS Genetics, 19(3), e1010651. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010651.
Full citation formats (BibTeX, RIS, CITATION.cff) at sniff.world/cite.
Related
- Sniff Atlas v1.0.1 — the source dataset for these frequencies.
- Browse breeds — per-breed Mendelian profiles, including this disease in context.
- OMIA entry OMIA:001879-9615 — authoritative clinical reference.